Proton Pump Inhibitor Co-medication Reduces Mycophenolate Acid Drug Exposure in Heart Transplant Recipients

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• 作者：Sieglinde Kofler ; Marcus-André ; Deutsch ; Amir K. Bigdeli ; Nataliya Shvets ; Michael Vogeser ; Thomas H. Mueller ; Bruno Meiser ; Gerhard Steinbeck ; Bruno Reichart ; Ingo Kaczmarek
• 刊名：The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：June 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：28
• 期：6
• 页码：605-611
• 全文大小：251 K

文摘

Background

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed for gastrointestinal discomfort after heart transplantation (HTx). This study investigates the impact of PPI use on mycophenolate acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics in heart transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus (Tac).

Methods

MPA post-dose plasma concentrations at 0 to 2 hours were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 21 patients on pantoprazole 40 mg/day (PPI group) and 12 patients not on pantoprazole (control group). In a subgroup, MPA plasma concentrations at 0 to 12 hours were measured to evaluate full MPA area-under-the-curve (AUC) measurements.

Results

In the PPI group, the mean daily MMF dose was 1,912 ± 1,023 mg with mean pre-dose serum concentrations (C₀) of 1.9 ± 1.4 mg/liter, without a significant difference from controls. Mean post-dose MPA concentrations at 30 minutes (C_0.5h) were significantly higher in the control group (control, 17.9 ± 11.5 mg/liter; PPI, 6.7 ± 4.6 mg/liter; p < 0.001). One- and 2-hour (C_{1h, 2h}) MPA concentrations were persistently higher in the control group (1 hour: control, 13.8 ± 9.1 mg/liter; PPI, 7.7 ± 4.1 mg/liter; 2 hours: control, 7.6 ± 4.2; PPI, 5.0 ± 2.8 mg/liter; p < 0.05). In the subgroup with full AUC measurements, the control group had higher MPA levels 12 hours after dosing (C_12h: control, 3.3 ± 2.4 mg/liter; PPI, 1.6 ± 1.3 mg/liter; p < 0.05) and a significantly higher dose-adjusted AUC C_0–3h (control, 59.5 ± 20.7 mg/liter; PPI, 41.7 ± 23.4 mg/liter; p < 0.05). In the subgroup, the maximum plasma concentration of mycophenolic acid (MPA C_max) in the PPI group was significantly lower (10.1 ± 4.7 mg/liter) than in the control group (45.5 ± 53.5 mg/liter, p < 0.0001), whereas t_max revealed no differences (control: 1.1 ± 0.77 hours; PPI: 1.1 ± 0.97 hours). Furthermore, a clear trend for more acute rejection episodes (AREs) and more transplant vasculopathy (TVP) was found in the PPI group.

Conclusions

Patients with PPI co-medication show significantly lower MPA plasma concentrations, possibly due to decreased absorption. Therapeutic drug monitoring allows identification of patients with decreased MMF drug exposure who might be at risk for acute rejection.