Oxidized linoleic acid metabolites include 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (9 + 13 HODE).
HODES are both a stable indicator of oxidative stress and a strong regulator of inflammation.
This study explored linkages between 9 + 13 HODE, CRP, muscle damage/soreness, and six cytokines.
1.5-h running and 30 min downhill running induced a 3.1-fold increase in plasma 9 + 13 HODE.
A negative relationship between post-exercise 9 + 13 HODE and GCSF and IL-6 was measured.