Effects of Japanese compulsory educational reforms on household educational expenditure

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• 作者：Kohei Kubota ^{kubota@e.yamagata-u.ac.jp}
• 关键词：Compulsory education ; Educational policy ; Educational expenditure ; Difference-in-differences ; Japan
• 刊名：Journal of the Japanese and International Economies
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：42
• 期：Complete
• 页码：47-60
• 全文大小：920 K
• 卷排序：42

文摘

The 2002 Japanese reforms of compulsory education resulted in a reduction of instructional time and an increase in school holidays for public junior high school pupils. The reforms led to an increase in household expenditures for public junior high school students both on supplementary education, such as cram schools, and on art, sports, and cultural activities. The impact of the reforms was found to be larger in terms of expenditure for higher-income households than for lower-income households.