- 作者：Catherine Pirard ; Gudrun Koppen ; Koen De Cremer ; Ilse Van Overmeire ; Eva Govarts ; Marie-Christine Dewolf ; Els Van De Mieroop ; Dominique Aerts ; Pierre Biot ; Ludwine Casteleyn ; Marike Kolossa-Gehring ; Gerda Schwedler ; J眉rgen Angerer ; Holger M. Koch ; Birgit K. Schindler ; Argelia Casta帽o ; Marta Esteban ; Greet Schoeters ; Elly Den Hond ; Ovnair Sepai ; Karen Exley ; et al.
- 关键词：Cadmium ; Mercury ; Urine ; Hair ; Human biomonitoring ; Europe
- 刊名：Science of the Total Environment
- 出版年：15 February, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：472
- 期：Complete
- 页码：730-740
- 全文大小：594 K
The geometric mean levels for mercury in hair were 0.383 渭g/g and 0.204 渭g/g for respectively mothers and children. Cadmium in mother's and children's urine was detected at a geometric mean concentration of respectively 0.21 and 0.04 渭g/l. For both biomarkers, levels measured in the mothers and their child were correlated. While the urinary cadmium levels increased with age, no trend was found for hair mercury content, except the fact that mothers hold higher levels than children. The hair mercury content increased significantly with the number of dental amalgam fillings, explaining partially the higher levels in the mothers by their higher presence rate of these amalgams compared to children. Fish or seafood consumption was the other main parameter determining the mercury levels in hair. No relationship was found between smoking status and cadmium or mercury levels, but the studied population included very few smokers. Urinary cadmium levels were higher in both mothers and children living in urban areas, while for mercury this difference was only significant for children. Our small population showed urinary cadmium and hair mercury levels lower than the health based guidelines suggested by the WHO or the JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). Only 1% had cadmium level slightly higher than the German HBM-I value (1 渭g/l for adults), and 9% exceeded the 1 渭g mercury/g hair suggested by the US EPA.