Air quality in urban parking garages (PM₁₀, major and trace elements, PAHs): Instrumental measurements vs. active moss biomonitoring

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• 作者：Gordana Vukovi膰 ; Mira Ani膷i膰 Uro拧evi膰 ; Ivana Razumeni膰 ; Maja Kuzmanoski ; Miodrag Pergal ; S ; ra 艩krivanj ; Aleks ; ar Popovi膰
• 关键词：Indoor air quality ; Active biomonitoring ; Moss bag ; Sphagnum girgensohnii ; Health risk
• 刊名：Atmospheric Environment
• 出版年：March, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：85
• 期：Complete
• 页码：31-40
• 全文大小：1833 K

文摘

This study was performed in four parking garages in downtown of Belgrade with the aim to provide multi-pollutant assessment. Concentrations of 16 US EPA priority PAHs and Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn were determined in PM₁₀ samples. The carcinogenic health risk of employees' occupational exposure to heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) and PAHs (B[a]A, Cry, B[b]F, B[k]F, B[a]P and DB[ah]A) was estimated. A possibility of using Sphagnum girgensohnii moss bags for monitoring of trace element air pollution in semi-enclosed spaces was evaluated as well. The results showed that concentrations of PM₁₀, Cd, Ni and B[a]P exceeded the EU Directive target values. Concentration of Zn, Ba and Cu were two orders of magnitude higher than those measured at different urban sites in European cities. Cumulative cancer risk obtained for heavy metals and PAHs was 4.51聽脳聽10^鈭? and 3.75聽脳聽10^鈭? in M and PP, respectively; upper limit of the acceptable US EPA range is 10^鈭?. In the moss, higher post-exposure than pre-exposure (background) element concentrations was observed. In comparison with instrumental monitoring data, similar order of abundances of the most elements in PM₁₀ and moss samples was found. However, using of the S.聽girgensohnii moss bag technique in indoor environments needs further justification.