Effects of additives on Ni electrodeposition were studied at a high current density.
A mixed preferred orientation of (110) and (111) was observed without additives.
Ni electrodeposits showed a strong (200) orientation in the presence of coumarin.
Cis-2-butene-1,4-diol showed grain refining effects on the Ni electrodeposition.
Synergistic effects of the additives produced highly smoothed Ni electrodeposits.