An updated-Lagrangian damage mechanics formulation for modeling the creeping flow and fracture of ice sheets
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文摘
The updated-Lagrangian damage mechanics formulation is appropriate for ice sheet fracture simulation over long time scales. The nonlinear Stokes flow model is consistent with the Maxwell viscoelastic model over short time scales of crevasse propagation. The mixed P3–P1 and P2–P1 finite elements are both stable and predict the same crevasse growth rates. Explicit-integral and implicit-gradient nonlocal damage approaches are equivalent and alleviate mesh sensitivity. The damage control strategy using the discontinuous function ψ(D)ψ(D) is a viable alternative to the element removal procedure.

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