Upregulation of Nox4 and CTGF expression in the atherosclerosis.
Smad3-dependent pathway mediates TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression.
Nox4 and Smad3 are responsible for TGF-β1-evoked CTGF expression.
Nox4 modulates TGF-β1-mediated Smad3 signaling activation.