Lidar characterization of crystalline silica generation and transport from a sand and gravel plant

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• 作者：Krystyna Trzepla-Nabaglo ; Ryoji Shiraki and Britt A. Holmé ; n
• 关键词：Fugitive dust ; PM₁₀ ; Quartz ; Emission factor ; Lidar
• 刊名：Journal of Hazardous Materials
• 出版年：2006
• 出版时间：30 April 2006
• 年：2006
• 卷：132
• 期：1
• 页码：14-25
• 全文大小：739 K

文摘

Light detection and ranging (Lidar) remote sensing two-dimensional vertical and horizontal scans collected downwind of a sand and gravel plant were used to evaluate the generation and transport of geologic fugitive dust emitted by quarry operations. The lidar data give unsurpassed spatial resolution of the emitted dust, but lack quantitative particulate matter (PM) mass concentration data. Estimates of the airborne PM₁₀ and crystalline silica concentrations were determined using linear relationships between point monitor PM₁₀ and quartz content data with the lidar backscatter signal collected from the point monitor location. Lidar vertical profiles at different distances downwind from the plant were used to quantify the PM₁₀ and quartz horizontal fluxes at 2-m vertical resolution as well as off-site emission factors. Emission factors on the order of 65–110 kg of PM₁₀ (10–30 kg quartz) per daily truck activity or 2–4 kg/t product shipped (0.5–1 kg quartz/t) were quantified for this facility. The lidar results identify numerous elevated plumes at heights >30 m and maximum plume heights of 100 m that cannot be practically sampled by conventional point sampler arrays. The PM₁₀ and quartz mass flux was greatest at 10–25 m height and decreased with distance from the main operation. Measures of facility activity were useful for explaining differences in mass flux and emission rates between days. The study results highlight the capabilities of lidar remote sensing for determining the spatial distribution of fugitive dust emitted by area sources with intermittent and spatially diverse dust generation rates.