Recent tufa δ18O reveal seasonal and decadal climate changes in NE Iberia.
δ18O calcite-derived Tw fit regional and local air temperature trends through time.
Calculated Tw can be biased by discharge and rainfall isotopic composition changes.
δ13C calcite reflects both exceptional discharge events and in-aquifer recharge.
Together, this is relevant to climate inferences from isotopes in carbonate records.