文摘
Changes in sex hormones and steroid receptors are associated to female reproductive cancers. E2 promotes tissue growth and increases the potential of cancer cells to metastasis. E2-ER pathway stimulates cell migration, differentiation, and survival in gynecologic tumors. The role of P4-PR signaling remains controversial in most of the gynecological malignancies. Identification of ER and PR-positive tumors can guide appropriate therapeutic planning.