Products sold online as Yin Xue (Chinese pinyin for Sablefish) in China were collected.
DNA barcoding revealed an alarming overall misrepresentation rate of 85.7%.
Sablefish was found to be substituted with Patagonian and Antarctic Toothfish.
Voluntary and involuntary mislabeling have been hypothesized.
Implications for Toothfish conservation have been discussed.