Chromium(III) induces oxidative stress in goldfish liver and kidney

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• 作者：Oleh V. Lushchak ; Olha I. Kubrak ; Olex ; r V. Lozinsky ; Janet M. Storey ; Kenneth B. Storey ; Volodymyr I. Lushchak
• 关键词：Goldfish ; Carassius auratus ; Chromium(III) ; Oxidative stress ; Antioxidant enzymes ; Glutathione ; Lipid peroxides ; Protein carbonyls
• 刊名：Aquatic Toxicology
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：4 June 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：93
• 期：1
• 页码：45-52
• 全文大小：425 K

文摘

In the environment chromium is found mainly in two valence states—hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) and trivalent chromium (Cr³⁺). The present study evaluates the effects of Cr³⁺ exposure on goldfish by analyzing parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in liver and kidney of fish given 96 h exposures to Cr³⁺ concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/l in aquarium water. Cr³⁺ exposure did not alter two parameters of oxidative stress—protein carbonyl content and lipid peroxide concentrations in either organ. However, Cr³⁺ exposure did decrease total glutathione concentration in liver by 34–69 % and in kidney to 36–49 % of the respective control values. Oxidized GSSG content fell by similar percentages so that the ratio [GSSG]/[total glutathione] remained constant at all Cr³⁺ exposure levels except in liver under the highest, 10 mg/l, exposure level. In liver, exposure to 1–5 mg/l Cr³⁺ led to a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 29–36 % , and at 10 mg/l Cr³⁺ the reduction was 54 % , whereas in kidney 30 % reductions in SOD activity were seen at concentrations 1 and 10 mg/l Cr³⁺. Catalase activity was not significantly affected by 1–5 mg/l Cr³⁺, but was reduced by 57 and 42 % in liver and kidney, respectively. Chromium exposure also reduced the activity of glutathione-S-transferase in both organs by 17–50 % but did not affect glutathione reductase or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. A comparison of Cr³⁺ effects on goldfish liver and kidney metabolism indicates that the trivalent ion induces stronger oxidative stress than Cr⁶⁺ at the same concentrations.