Sarcomere protein turnover in the heart is maintained by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS).
Dysregulation of protein turnover occurs in cardiac hypertrophy, atrophy, and heart failure.
Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) interact with specific sarcomere protein substrate(s) to mediate turnover.
Cardiomyocyte E3s regulate cell signaling that controls cell functions including cell death/apoptosis.
Cardiomyocyte E3 activities depend on disease context and substrate presence and/or quality.