The phytochemical analysis of LFIs was performed by HPLC-DAD. Antihyperalgesic and antiedematous activities were estimated in a rat model of inflammation induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan using Von Frey anesthesiometer and plethysmometer, respectively. Moreover, acute oral toxicity of LFIs in mice was evaluated by observing changes in animal behavior and mortality for a period of 14 days following the treatment.
HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in LFIs, among which spiraeoside was identified as the principal component (56.27±1.03 and 55.67±1.82 mg/g of LFI in F. ulmaria and F. vulgaris, respectively). The LFIs of F. ulmaria and F. vulgaris (100–300 mg/kg; p.o.) produced significant and dose-dependent antihyperalgesic effects: ED50±SEM values were 164.8±15.4 mg/kg (110.3–246.3 mg/kg) and 172.2±6.2 mg/kg (147.4–201.3 mg/kg) for F. ulmaria and F. vulgaris, respectively. On the other hand, LFIs of both species (100–300 mg/kg; p.o.) did not significantly reduce edema. Good safety profiles were evidenced in the toxicological study. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the tested extracts is likely to be greater than 2000 mg/kg.
The results of the present study support the use of F. ulmaria and F. vulgaris flowers in folk medicine for relieving pain in diseases with an inflammatory component.