The development and clinical evaluation of second-generation leishmaniasis vaccines

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• 作者：Malcolm S. Duthie<sup> ; sup><sup>mduthie@idri.orgsup> ; Vanitha S. Raman ; Franco M. Piazza ; Steven G. Reed
• 关键词：ALM ; autoclaved L. major ; CaVL ; canine visceral leishmaniasis ; CL ; cutaneous leishmaniasis ; DAT ; direct agglutination test ; DCL ; diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis ; FAST ; fast agglutination screening test ; FML ; fucose mannose ligand ; IFN¦Ã ; interferon gamma
• 刊名：Vaccine
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：5 January 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：30
• 期：2
• 页码：134-141
• 全文大小：517 K

文摘

Infection with Leishmania parasites results in a range of clinical manifestations and outcomes. Control of Leishmania parasite transmission is extremely difficult due to the large number of vectors and potential reservoirs, and none of the current treatments are ideal. Vaccination could be an effective strategy to provide sustained control. In this review, the current global situation with regard to leishmaniasis, the immunology of Leishmania infection and various efforts to identify second generation vaccine candidates are briefly discussed. The variety of clinical trials conducted using the only current second generation vaccine approved for clinical use, LEISH-F1 + MPL-SE, are described. Given that epidemiological evidence suggests that reducing the canine reservoir also positively impacts human incidence, efforts at providing a vaccine for leishmaniasis in dogs are highlighted. Finally, potential refinements and surrogate markers that could expedite the introduction of a vaccine that can limit the severity and incidence of leishmaniasis are discussed.