Body mass and immune function, but not bill coloration, predict dominance in female mallards
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- 作者：Russell A. Ligona ; b ; russell.ligon@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Michael W. Butlera ; c
- 关键词：Aggression ; Dominance hierarchy ; Color ; Signals ; Status
- 刊名：Behavioural Processes
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：October 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：131
- 期：Complete
- 页码：59-67
- 全文大小：857 K
文摘
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Animals use signals, including colorful ornaments, to minimize costs of competition.
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Most studies have focused on factors linked to male dominance and success.
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We analyzed the factors linked to aggression and dominance in female mallards.
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In competitive interactions among multiple females, dominance was positively linked to body mass and negatively linked to one aspect of immune system response.
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Bill coloration does not appear to be used by female mallards in group/scramble competition.