Palm kernel cake (PKC) was pretreated by liquid hot water (LHW).
LHW–pretreated PKC was hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase, cellulase and mannanase.
The highest quantity of the total monomeric sugars liberated was 97.81 ± 1.29 g/L.
Maximum butanol and ABE obtained were 4.15 ± 1.18 and 7.12 ± 2.06 g/L, respectively.
Structural change in traded PKC was studied by scanning electron microscope and FTIR.