Ability of six Latin American antivenoms to neutralize the venom of Mapana equis (Bothrops atrox) from Antioquia and Chocó (Colombia)
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The ability of six Latin American antivenoms [Antibothropic Instituto Butantan (IB), Brazil; Polyvalent Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP), Costa Rica; Polyvalent MYN, Mexico; Monovalent Antibothropic and Polyvalent Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Colombia; Polyvalent Probiol, Colombia] to neutralize various pharmacological and enzymatic effects of Bothrops atrox venom from Antioquia and Chocó, north-west of Colombia, was compared. Our results demonstrated conspicuous differences in the ability of the six antivenoms. In terms of neutralization of lethality, the highest efficacy was observed in the Polyvalent INS and the lowest in the Polyvalent MYN antivenom. All antivenoms were highly effective in the neutralization of haemorrhage. For the oedema-forming activity, the most effective antivenom was the Polyvalent ICP; Monovalent INS and Polyvalent MYN were the least effective. All antivenoms were effective in the neutralization of myotoxic activity, protective activity being the highest for the Polyvalent INS and for Antibothropic IB. Defibrinating activity was neutralized by all antivenoms, and Polyvalent MYN showed the lowest efficiency. Polyvalent ICP antivenom had the highest neutralizing ability against indirect haemolytic effect; Polyvalent MYN did not neutralize this enzymatic activity. Overall, the Polyvalent antivenom INS showed the highest neutralizing ability.