Peripubertal female athletes in high-impact sports show improved bone mass acquisition and bone geometry

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• 作者：Laurent Ma?moun ; Olivier Coste ; Pascal Philibert ; Karine Briot ; Thibault Mura ; Florence Galtier ; Denis Mariano-Goulart ; Fran?oise Paris ; Charles Sultan
• 关键词：aBMD ; areal bone mineral density ; AG ; artistic gymnasts ; BMI ; body mass index ; CON ; controls ; CSA ; bone cross-sectional area ; CSMI ; cross-sectional moment of inertia ; CTX ; type I-C telopeptide breakdown products ; DEXA ; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ; FF
• 刊名：Metabolism
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：August, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：62
• 期：8
• 页码：1088-1098
• 全文大小：717 K

文摘

Objective

Intensive physical training may have a sport-dependent effect on bone mass acquisition. This cross-sectional study evaluated bone mass acquisition in girls practicing sports that put different mechanical loads on bone.

Materials/Methods

Eighty girls from 10.7 to 18.0 years old (mean 13.83 ¡À 1.97) were recruited: 20 artistic gymnasts (AG; high-impact activity), 20 rhythmic gymnasts (RG; medium-impact activity), 20 swimmers (SW, no-impact activity), and 20 age-matched controls (CON; leisure physical activity < 3 h/wk). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was determined using DEXA. Hip structural analysis applied at the femur evaluated cross-sectional area (CSA, cm²), section modulus (Z, cm³), and buckling ratio. Bone turnover markers and OPG/RANKL levels were analyzed.

Results

AG had higher aBMD than SW and CON at all bone sites and higher values than RG in the lumbar spine and radius. RG had higher aBMD than SW and CON only in the femoral region. CSA and mean cortical thickness were significantly higher and the buckling ratio was significantly lower in both gymnast groups compared with SW and CON. In RG only, endocortical diameter and width were reduced, while Z was only increased in AG compared with SW and CON. Reduced bone remodeling was observed in RG compared with AG only when groups were subdivided according to menarcheal status. All groups showed similar OPG concentrations, while RANKL concentrations increased with age and were decreased in SW.

Conclusion

High-impact activity clearly had a favorable effect on aBMD and bone geometry during the growth period, although the bone health benefits seem to be more marked after menarche.