Occurrence and fate of emerging wastewater contaminants in Western Balkan Region

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• 作者：Senka Terzić ; Ivan Senta ; Marijan Ahel ; Meritxell Gros ; Mira Petrović ; Damia Barcelo ; Jutta Mü ; ller ; Thomas Knepper ; Isabel Martí ; Francesc Ventura ; Petar Jovanč ; ić ; Da
• 关键词：Emerging contaminants ; Pharmaceuticals ; Personal care products ; Surfactants ; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry ; Western Balkan
• 刊名：Science of the Total Environment
• 出版年：2008
• 出版时间：25 July 2008
• 年：2008
• 卷：399
• 期：1-3
• 页码：66-77
• 全文大小：937 K

文摘

It is very well known that the rate of destruction of microbes has been expressed by the Chick's law, a first-order relation-ship, where the terms “initial number” and “number of the remaining organisms” take part. Using flocculation-filtration before disinfection, we were able to retain a very high percentage of the pathogenic microbes in the filter.

We have found that several micro-organisms or certain living forms could survive the disinfection by chloride at usual concentrations and reaction times. The flocculation-filtration process allowed at our trials to retain these organisms in the filter media and to keep the disinfection concentration at a lower level.

Other factors affecting the chemical disinfection are the suspended solids and the substances capable of undergoing a reaction with chlorine. The flocculation-filtration eliminates the suspended solids which may protect the organisms covered against disinfection. The removal of organics contaminants from the wastewater has a double function: it avoids the chemical reduction of chlorine and it diminishes the concentration of precursors of trihalomethanes.

We obtained much better results when we worked with an inorganic macromolecular aluminium salt as coagulant instead of aluminium sulphate not only regarding the elimination of microbes but also what concerns the reduction of organic substances which absorb the ultraviolet light.

The flocculation-filtration in a deep granular filter allows also a nitrification and a retention of phosphor.