Trends and racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Northern California: 1996-2014

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• 作者：Tiffany Y. Peng ; MA^a ; Samantha F. Ehrlich ; PhD ; MPH^a ; ^b ; Yvonne Crites ; MD^c ; John L. Kitzmiller ; MD ; MS^d ; Michael W. Kuzniewicz ; MD ; MPH^a ; Monique M. Hedderson ; PhD ; MPH^a ; Assiamira Ferrara ; MD ; PhD^a ; ^{assiamira.ferrara@kp.org}
• 关键词：diabetes mellitus ; pregnancy ; prevalence ; racial-ethnic disparities
• 刊名：American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：216
• 期：2
• 页码：177.e1-177.e8
• 全文大小：188 K
• 卷排序：216

文摘

Despite concern for adverse perinatal outcomes in women with diabetes mellitus before pregnancy, recent data on the prevalence of pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States are lacking.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to estimate changes in the prevalence of overall pregestational diabetes mellitus (all types) and pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to estimate whether changes varied by race-ethnicity from 1996–2014.Study DesignWe conducted a cohort study among 655,428 pregnancies at a Northern California integrated health delivery system from 1996–2014. Logistic regression analyses provided estimates of prevalence and trends.ResultsThe age-adjusted prevalence (per 100 deliveries) of overall pregestational diabetes mellitus increased from 1996–1999 to 2012–2014 (from 0.58 [95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.63] to 1.06 [95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.12]; Ptrend <.0001). Significant increases occurred in all racial-ethnic groups; the largest relative increase was among Hispanic women (121.8% [95% confidence interval, 84.4–166.7]); the smallest relative increase was among non-Hispanic white women (49.6% [95% confidence interval, 27.5–75.4]). The age-adjusted prevalence of pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus increased from 0.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.16) to 0.23 (95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.27; Ptrend <.0001) and from 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.38–0.46) to 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.83; Ptrend <.0001), respectively. The greatest relative increase in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus was in non-Hispanic white women (118.4% [95% confidence interval, 70.0–180.5]), who had the lowest increases in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (13.6% [95% confidence interval, –8.0 to 40.1]). The greatest relative increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was in Hispanic women (125.2% [95% confidence interval, 84.8–174.4]), followed by African American women (102.0% [95% confidence interval, 38.3–194.3]) and Asian women (93.3% [95% confidence interval, 48.9–150.9]).ConclusionsThe prevalence of overall pregestational diabetes mellitus and pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus increased from 1996–1999 to 2012–2014 and racial-ethnic disparities were observed, possibly because of differing prevalence of maternal obesity. Targeted prevention efforts, preconception care, and disease management strategies are needed to reduce the burden of diabetes mellitus and its sequelae.