Effects of protein crowding on membrane systems

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• 作者：Gernot Guigas ; Matthias Weiss ; ^{matthias.weiss@uni-bayreuth.de" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Macromolecular crowding ; Biomembranes ; Diffusion ; Anomalous diffusion ; Protein sorting ; Hydrophobic mismatch ; Membrane traffic
• 刊名：Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：October 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：1858
• 期：10
• 页码：2441-2450
• 全文大小：769 K

文摘

Cellular membranes are typically decorated with a plethora of embedded and adsorbed macromolecules, e.g. proteins, that participate in numerous vital processes. With typical surface densities of 30,000 proteins per μm² cellular membranes are indeed crowded places that leave only few nanometers of private space for individual proteins. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of protein crowding in membrane systems. We first give a brief overview on state-of-the-art approaches in experiment and simulation that are frequently used to study crowded membranes. After that, we review how crowding can affect diffusive transport of proteins and lipids in membrane systems. Next, we discuss lipid and protein sorting in crowded membrane systems, including effects like protein cluster formation, phase segregation, and lipid droplet formation. Subsequently, we highlight recent progress in uncovering crowding-induced conformational changes of membranes, e.g. membrane budding and vesicle formation. Finally, we give a short outlook on potential future developments in the field of crowded membrane systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.