About PAR: The distinct evolutionary dynamics of the pseudoautosomal region

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• 作者：Sarah P. Otto¹ ; John R. Pannell² ; Catherine L. Peichel³ ; Tia-Lynn Ashman⁴ ; Deborah Charlesworth⁵ ; Adam K. Chippindale⁶ ; Lynda F. Delph⁷ ; Rafael F. Guerrero⁸ ; Samuel V. Scarpino⁸ ; Bryant F. McAllister⁹ ; ^{bryant-mcallister@uiowa.edu}
• 刊名：Trends in Genetics
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：September, 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：27
• 期：9
• 页码：358-367
• 全文大小：1K

文摘

Sex chromosomes differ from other chromosomes in the striking divergence they often show in size, structure, and gene content. Not only do they possess genes controlling sex determination that are restricted to either the X or Y (or Z or W) chromosomes, but in many taxa they also include recombining regions. In these ¡®pseudoautosomal regions?(PARs), sequence homology is maintained by meiotic pairing and exchange in the heterogametic sex. PARs are unique genomic regions, exhibiting some features of autosomes, but they are also influenced by their partial sex linkage. Here we review the distribution and structure of PARs among animals and plants, the theoretical predictions concerning their evolutionary dynamics, the reasons for their persistence, and the diversity and content of genes that reside within them. It is now clear that the evolution of the PAR differs in important ways from that of genes in either the non-recombining regions of sex chromosomes or the autosomes.