STICS model used to test the effect of a Mediterranean precipitation gradient on N2O emissions and mitigation strategies. STICS simulations were consistent with observed N2O fluxes and driving variables. Urea fertilizer would increase N2O emissions under Mediterranean conditions. Grain legume incorporation in rotations would only reduce N2O in the driest sites. Crop residues removal would reduce N2O emissions in the wettest areas but would compromise soil organic carbon stocks.