WO3 semiconductor was prepared by different Triton surfactants.
The properties of WO3 film are strongly correlated to surfactant size.
The particle size was correlated to surfactant by a Langmuir-type equation.
The PEC performance was strongly correlated to surfactant size.
Triton X-45, the smallest surfactant, exhibited best performance with ABPE of 0.69%.
New opportunities to optimize the crystallization procedure in sol–gel method.