Very fast 3 h preparation of silica membranes instead of conventional 10–14 days.
Membrane on an interlayer-free alumina support via the Rapid Thermal Processing.
Over 99% salt rejection at 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and 25 °C feed condition.
Improved stability via an acid-catalyzed sol–gel pH at 1.
Stability surpassed by 520 h over the state-of-the-art silica membranes.