We report osmium isotope compositions of 297 mantle-derived Ru–Os–Ir alloys from the River Rhine.
The alloys record two mantle melting events: one at ∼500 Ma and one at 1.0–1.2 Ga.
The local geology cannot explain Late Mesoproterozoic mantle melting.
The late Mesoproterozoic peak coincides with a global peak in zircon crystallization.
Global mantle melting in the late Mesoproterozoic is linked to supercontinent cycle.