The problems associated with using non-conventional rare-earth minerals

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• 作者：Dmitry S. Klyucharev ; Nataliya M. Volkova ; Mikhail F. Comyn
• 关键词：REM ; Rare-earth metals ; REO ; Rare-earth oxides ; REE ; Rare-earth elements ; TRY ; Rare-earth metals of Yttrium group ; P. R. China ; The People's Republic of China ; CIS ; Commonwealth of Independent States ; RSA ; Republic of South Africa ; USGS ; United States Geo
• 刊名：Journal of Geochemical Exploration
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：October, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：133
• 期：Complete
• 页码：138-148
• 全文大小：1249 K

文摘

In this paper, non-conventional sources of rare-earth raw materials, primarily located in the territory of the Russian Federation, are discussed. The focus is on carbon-bearing rocks containing oils or bitumen, metal-bearing coals, combustible shales and bauxites. The rare-earth metal concentrations in most of the sources considered in this paper are low, but it is possible to produce large amounts of rare-earth metals by processing large volumes of material. A brief review of recent research topics related to rare-earth minerals is provided, factual data are presented on rare-earth metal contents in non-conventional rare-metal bearing sites and a likely mechanism of concentrating rare-earth metals is considered. The paper draws attention to the current state of the art, outlining problems related to the extraction of rare metals from non-conventional ores and possible solutions to those problems.