Multiple LINEs of retrotransposon silencing mechanisms in the mammalian germline

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• 作者：Fang Yang ; P. Jeremy Wang ; ^{pwang@vet.upenn.edu}
• 关键词：LINE1 ; Retrotransposon ; Germline ; Spermatogenesis ; Mouse
• 刊名：Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：November 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：59
• 期：Complete
• 页码：118-125
• 全文大小：1239 K
• 卷排序：59

文摘

Retrotransposons play an important role in genome evolution but pose acute challenges to host genome integrity, particularly in early stage germ cells where epigenetic control is relaxed to permit genome-wide reprogramming. In most species, the inability to silence retrotransposons in the germline is usually associated with sterility. LINE1 is the most abundant retrotransposon type in the mammalian genome. Mammalian germ cells employ multiple mechanisms to suppress retrotransposon activity, including small non-coding piRNAs, DNA methylation, and repressive histone modifications. Novel factors contributing to the epigenetic silencing of retrotransposons in the germline continue to be identified. Recent studies have provided insight into how epigenetic changes associated with retrotransposon activation impact on fertility.