Tobacco withdrawal symptoms and urges to smoke in pregnant versus non-pregnant smokers

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• 作者：Michael Ussher ; Jean-Francois Etter ; Nikoletta Giatras ; Tim Coleman
• 关键词：Smoking cessation ; Pregnancy ; Withdrawal symptoms ; Cravings
• 刊名：Addictive Behaviors
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：December, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：37
• 期：12
• 页码：1353-1357
• 全文大小：190 K

文摘

We compared tobacco withdrawal in pregnant and non-pregnant smokers abstaining from smoking for 24 h. Female smokers completed an internet-based questionnaire, including the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale¡ªRevised (MNWS). They also rated additional withdrawal items and strength of urge to smoke. Consenting women were randomized to either: (i) abstain from smoking for 24 h or (ii) smoke as usual. After 24 h they rated their withdrawal again. We included a ¡®smoking as usual¡¯ group as we wished to establish that smoking abstinence increased withdrawal symptoms. Two-hundred and seventy-five women completed both the initial and the 24 h questionnaire and reported abstaining (n = 115, 17 % pregnant) or smoking (n = 160, 21 % pregnant) as requested. Exclusively among abstinent smokers, we compared symptoms for the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. After 24 h pregnant women had significantly lower scores than non-pregnant women for the mean MNWS (p = 0.004) and for three individual MNWS symptoms (angry, p = 0.010; anxious, p = 0.048; impatient, p = 0.011), with adjustments for baseline cigarette consumption and baseline withdrawal scores. Overall, on the first day of smoking abstinence, pregnant women are likely to report less severe tobacco withdrawal than non-pregnant women.