Twenty-eight anesthetized pigs were studied during four hours. We induced a right lung contusion with five bolt shots (70 joules each) using a 22-caliber charge in twenty of them. Eight others pigs constituted the control group. The trauma consequences were assessed by histology, measurements of arterial oxygenation, plasma cytokines, pressure-volume mechanics, hemodynamic monitoring using the PiCCO system and a pulmonary artery catheter. The extra-vascular lung water was measured using the gravimetric method.
Histology confirmed an isolated right lung contusion without cardiac injury. Compared to baseline values, the trauma group was characterized by a decrease in cardiac index (3.3 ¡À 0.8 vs 3.9 ¡À 1.2 l/min/m2; P < .05) and mean arterial pressure (80 ¡À 21 vs 95 ¡À 16 mmHg; P < .05) without preload or afterload modification. Oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2: 349 ¡À 87 vs 440 ¡À 75; P < .05) and static compliance (26.3 ¡À 7.4 vs 30.3 ¡À 7.8 ml/cmH2O; P < .05) were also impaired during two hours compared to baseline. No edema was noticed in either group whatever the lung considered. All measured cytokines were below the detection threshold.
An isolated right lung contusion is associated with rapid but transient cardiorespiratory impairments. Despite the large extent of the lung contusion, no pulmonary edema appeared during the period studied.