Similar abstinence and employment outcomes were observed for RBT versus RBT + RH participants. Residence in recovery housing and employment predicted opioid and cocaine abstinence. A sub-group of RBT participants (33%) accessed self-pay recovery housing (SPRH). Participants who accessed recovery housing – whether self-pay or program-supported – had superior treatment outcomes compared to participants who did not access recovery housing. Randomized study of RBT in the absence of supported housing is needed to validate findings. Research is needed to identify populations for whom self-pay versus supported-housing is indicated.