Use of microbial co-culture composed of different strains is a robust method for microbial biosynthesis.
Modularization of biosynthetic pathways can be conducted in the context of microbial co-cultures.
Modular co-culture engineering takes advantage of both pathway modularization and microbial co-cultures.
Modular co-culture engineering has great potential for wide application in the field of metabolic engineering.
Disadvantages of this emerging approach need to be overcome for future development.