A set of hydrophobic ILs with increasing number of octyl chain in the anion was synthesized. An aqueous microemulsion with a fluorine-free hydrophobic IL is presented. It is shown how decreasing polarity of the IL affects the phase behavior of H2O–IL microemulsions. The composition of the coexisting phases in the 3-phase region of the mixture is determined. The high IL-solubility of the surfactant causes the low efficiency of H2O–IL microemulsions.