Using the Indiana University Bladder Cancer Database, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing radical cystectomy from 2008 to June 2013 to identify patients with PCV, micropapillary variant (MPV), or nonvariant (NV) histology and either positive ureteral margins (+UM), paravesical surgical margins (+PSM), or lymph node (+LN) involvement. Pearson's chi-squared test and analysis of variance were used for descriptive analysis.
Of 510 patients who met inclusion criteria, 30 had +UM on final pathology. The incidence of +UM in NV patients was 17 of 457 (3.7%), in MPV 5 of 28 (17.9%), and in PCV 8 of 25 (32.0%) (P <.001). Carcinoma in situ on the luminal margin was noted for all cases, except in 5 of the 8 PCV patients with +UM, in whom retrograde longitudinal invasion along the subserosal and adventitia was noted. +PSM and +LN were significantly higher for both PCV (28.0%, 72.0%) and MPV (10.7%, 64.3%) than NV (2.6%, 18.6%, P <.001, each).
PCV exhibits a unique pattern of spread along the ureter. This proposes a new mode of invasion along the fascial sheath. The incidence of +PSM and +LN liken PCV to the known aggressive MPV, and in conjunction with the increased incidence of +UM, may lead to a paradigm shift, with surgeons and pathologists being more vigilant with surgical margins.