Deep-sea sampling on CMarZ cruises in the Atlantic Ocean – an Introduction

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• 作者：Peter H. Wiebe ; Ann Bucklin ; Laurence Madin ; Martin V. Angel ; Tracey Sutton ; Francesc Pagé ; s ; Russell R. Hopcroft ; Dhugal Lindsay
• 关键词：Zooplankton ; Fish ; Mesopelagic ; Bathypelagic ; DNA barcode ; Diversity ; Atlantic Ocean ; Sargasso Sea
• 刊名：Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：December 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：57
• 期：24-26
• 页码：2157-2166
• 全文大小：876 K

文摘

The deep-sea zooplankton assemblage is hypothesized to have high species diversity, with low abundances of each species. However, even rare species may have huge population sizes and play a critical role in the dynamics of deep-sea environments. The Census of Marine Zooplankton (CMarZ) study sought to accurately assess zooplankton diversity in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the subtropical/tropical of the northwest and eastern sections of the Atlantic Ocean using integrated morphological and molecular analysis of large-volume samples to depths of 5,000 m. The field surveys in April 2006 and November 2007 included scientists and students associated with the CMarZ. The cruise field work entailed at-sea analysis of samples and identification of specimens by expert taxonomists, with at-sea DNA sequencing to determine a barcode (i.e., a short DNA sequence for species recognition) for selected species. Environmental data and zooplankton samples were collected with 1-m² and 10-m² opening/closing MOCNESS (0–1000 m and 1000–5000 m, respectively), and with either a 0.25-m² MOCNESS or a 0.5-m² Multi-net above 1000 m. More than 500 species were identified and more than 1000 specimens placed in a queue for barcoding on each cruise; several hundred species were barcoded at sea. For several taxonomic groups, a significant fraction of the region’s known species were collected and identified. For example, in the northwest Atlantic 93 of 140 known ostracod species for the Atlantic Ocean were collected, 6 undescribed species were found, and the first DNA barcode for a planktonic ostracod was obtained. The deployment of trawls with fine-mesh nets to sample large volumes at great depths for small zooplankton confirmed that there is considerable species diversity at depth, with more species yet to be discovered.