- 作者：Sigrid Carlsson ; Alex ; ra Maschino ; Fritz Schr?der ; Chris Bangma ; Ewout W. Steyerberg ; Theo van der Kwast ; Geert van Leenders ; Andrew Vickers ; Hans Lilja ; Monique J. Roobol
- 关键词：Prostate-specific antigen/blood ; Prostatic neoplasms ; Mass screening ; Radical prostatectomy ; Kallikrein-related peptidases
- 刊名：European Urology
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：November, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：64
- 期：5
- 页码：693-699
- 全文大小：810 K
Background
Treatment decisions can be difficult in men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa).Objective
To evaluate the ability of a panel of four kallikrein markers in blood¡ªtotal prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free PSA, intact PSA, and kallikrein-related peptidase 2¡ªto distinguish between pathologically insignificant and aggressive disease on pathologic examination of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens as well as to calculate the number of avoidable surgeries.
Design, setting, and participants
The cohort comprised 392 screened men participating in rounds 1 and 2 of the Rotterdam arm of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. Patients were diagnosed with PCa because of an elevated PSA ¡Ý3.0 ng/ml and were treated with RP between 1994 and 2004.
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
We calculated the accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]) of statistical models to predict pathologically aggressive PCa (pT3-T4, extracapsular extension, tumor volume >0.5 cm3, or any Gleason grade ¡Ý4) based on clinical predictors (age, stage, PSA, biopsy findings) with and without levels of four kallikrein markers in blood.
Results and limitations
A total of 261 patients (67 % ) had significant disease on pathologic evaluation of the RP specimen. While the clinical model had good accuracy in predicting aggressive disease, reflected in a corrected AUC of 0.81, the four kallikrein markers enhanced the base model, with an AUC of 0.84 (p < 0.0005). The model retained its ability in patients with low-risk and very-low-risk disease and in comparison with the Steyerberg nomogram, a published prediction model. Clinical application of the model incorporating the kallikrein markers would reduce rates of surgery by 135 of 1000 patients overall and 110 of 334 patients with pathologically insignificant disease. A limitation of the present study is that clinicians may be hesitant to make recommendations against active treatment on the basis of a statistical model.
Conclusions
Our study provided proof of principle that predictions based on levels of four kallikrein markers in blood distinguish between pathologically insignificant and aggressive disease after RP with good accuracy. In the future, clinical use of the model could potentially reduce rates of immediate unnecessary active treatment.