Modelling the multilevel structure and mixed effects of the factors influencing the energy consumption of electric vehicles

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• 作者：Kai Liu^a ; ^{liukai@dlut.edu.cn} ; Jiangbo Wang^a ; ^{wangjiangbo@mail.dlut.edu.cn} ; Toshiyuki Yamamoto^b ; ^{yamamoto@civil.nagoya-u.ac.jp} ; Takayuki Morikawa^c ; ^{morikawa@nagoya-u.jp}
• 关键词：Electric vehicles ; Energy efficiency ; Multilevel analysis ; Heterogeneity
• 刊名：Applied Energy
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：1 December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：183
• 期：Complete
• 页码：1351-1360
• 全文大小：625 K
• 卷排序：183

文摘

The impacts of driving heterogeneity on EVs’ energy efficiency are examined. Several multilevel mixed-effects regression models are proposed and compared. The most reasonable nested structure is extracted from the long term GPS data. Proposed model improves the energy estimation accuracy by 7.5%.