The complex etiology of MPN/MCN/BEN may be a consequence of joint mycotoxins exposure. The joint mycotoxins interaction is an important factor in etiology of MPN/MCN/BEN. The importance of masked or protein-bound mycotoxins in the etiology of MPN/MCN/BEN. Fungi and new fungal metabolites involved in etiology of MPN/MCN/BEN. Risk analysis in target mycotoxins exposure and estimated hazard for humans.