A significant reduction in neuronal viability resulted from application of 15 μg/mL ZnO NPs.
Apoptosis was significantly elevated at 12 h or 24 h after ZnO NP exposure. However, TEM images were showed necrosis.
The concentration of zinc from the dissolution of ZnO NPs increased in proportion to increases in the ZnO NPs concentration.
ZnO NP induced a neuronal injury via elevation of lipoxygenase, PI3 kinase and p-Akt/Akt activities including ROS.