New developments of ¹¹C post-accelerated beams for hadron therapy and imaging

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• 作者：R.S. Augusto^a ; ^b ; ^{r.s.augusto@cern.ch" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; T.M. Mendonca^a ; F. Wenander^a ; L. Penescu^c ; R. Orecchia^d ; K. Parodi^b ; A. Ferrari^a ; T. Stora^a
• 关键词：ISOL technique ; Hadron therapy ; Radioactive ion beam ; Positron emission tomography ; FLUKA
• 刊名：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：1 June 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：376
• 期：Complete
• 页码：374-378
• 全文大小：958 K

文摘

Hadron therapy was first proposed in 1946 and is by now widespread throughout the world, as witnessed with the design and construction of the CNAO, HIT, PROSCAN and MedAustron treatment centres, among others. The clinical interest in hadron therapy lies in the fact that it delivers precision treatment of tumours, exploiting the characteristic shape (the Bragg peak) of the energy deposition in the tissues for charged hadrons. In particular, carbon ion therapy is found to be biologically more effective, with respect to protons, on certain types of tumours. Following an approach tested at NIRS in Japan [1], carbon ion therapy treatments based on ¹²C could be combined or fully replaced with ¹¹C PET radioactive ions post-accelerated to the same energy. This approach allows providing a beam for treatment and, at the same time, to collect information on the 3D distributions of the implanted ions by PET imaging. The production of ¹¹C ion beams can be performed using two methods. A first one is based on the production using compact PET cyclotrons with 10–20 MeV protons via ¹⁴N(p,α)¹¹C reactions following an approach developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [2]. A second route exploits spallation reactions ¹⁹F(p,X)¹¹C and ²³Na(p,X)¹¹C on a molten fluoride salt target using the ISOL (isotope separation on-line) technique [3]. This approach can be seriously envisaged at CERN-ISOLDE following recent progresses made on ¹¹C⁺ production [4] and proven post-acceleration of pure ¹⁰C^3/6+ beams in the REX-ISOLDE linac [5]. Part of the required components is operational in radioactive ion beam facilities or commercial medical PET cyclotrons. The driver could be a 70 MeV, 1.2 mA proton commercial cyclotron, which would lead to 8.1 × 10⁷¹¹C⁶⁺ per spill. This intensity is appropriate using ¹¹C ions alone for both imaging and treatment. Here we report on the ongoing feasibility studies of such approach, using the Monte Carlo particle transport code FLUKA [6,7] to simulate pristine Bragg Peaks of ¹¹C, in order to compare its performance with ¹²C, in the context of hadron therapy.