Phenolic mediated anti-inflammatory properties of a maple syrup extract in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages

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• 作者：Pragati P. Nahar ; Maureen V. Driscoll ; Liya Li ; Angela L. Slitt ; Navindra P. Seeram
• 关键词：NF-魏B ; nuclear factor kappa B ; NO ; nitric oxide ; PGE2 ; prostaglandin-E2 ; PGs ; prostaglandins ; TNF-伪 ; tumor necrosis factor-伪 ; IL-1 ; interleukin-1 ; IL-6 ; interleukin-6 ; COX ; cyclooxygenases ; NOS ; nitric oxide synthase ; COX-2 ; cyclo-oxygensase-2 ; iNOS ; inducible nitric oxide synthase ; MS-EtOAc ; maple syrup ethyl acetate extract ; LPS ; lipopolysaccharide ; FBS ; fetal bovine serum ; DMEM ; Dulbecco&rsquo ; s modified Eagle&rsquo ; s medium ; qRT-PCR ; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ; EIA
• 刊名：Journal of Functional Foods
• 出版年：January, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：6
• 期：Complete
• 页码：126-136
• 全文大小：1087 K

文摘

The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of a phenolic-enriched Canadian maple syrup ethyl acetate extract (MS-EtOAc) and 15 purified phenolic constituents were evaluated in a LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell model. MS-EtOAc decreased nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin-E₂ (PGE₂) production at 10-100 渭g/mL concentrations. The observed NO inhibition was a direct result of reduced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and gene expression through suppression of NF-魏B transcriptional activation. In addition, MS-EtOAc upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein expression. Among the 15 pure isolates, (E)-3,3鈥?dimethoxy-4,4鈥?dihydroxystilbene was most effective in decreasing both NO and PGE₂ levels. However, 4-acetylcatechol, tyrosol, and protocatechuic acid only reduced PGE₂ levels. Thus, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of MS-EtOAc can be attributed to its unique combination of compounds and not as a result of a single purified phenolic constituent alone. Future research on the purified phenolic compounds will be useful in understanding the overall in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of maple syrup.