Nickel–carbon–B2O3 catalysts (Ni@C-B2O3) synthesized from 1 bar CO2.
Ni@C-B2O3 was highly active for CH4 decomposition.
Amorphous core–shell structure facilitates the generation of high-purity H2 and hollow carbon nanoonions (CNOs).
Spent Ni@C-B2O3 was regenerated by CO2 with the production of high-purity CO.
Stable catalytic activity over the repeated decomposition and regeneration cycles.