PT-3 in combination with BMP-9 elevated βIII-tubulin and ChAT expression in the differentiation process.
PT-3 in combination with BMP-9 increased p53, but decreased Notch1 and SIRT1 levels.
The effects of PT-3 in combination with BMP-9 may involve activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt.
PT-3 may provide a useful adjuvant in BMP-9-induced transdifferentiation of AF-MSCs into ultimately cholinergic neurons.