Within-day and between-day variability of?transthoracic anatomic M-mode echocardiography in the awake bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

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• 作者：Val&eacute ; rie Chetboul ; DVM ; PhD^a ; ^b ; ^{vchetboul@vet-alfort.fr} ; Jonathan Lichtenberger ; DVM^a ; Mathieu Mellin ; DVM^c ; Birgitta Mercera^c ; Anne-C&eacute ; cile Hoffmann ; DVM^a ; Gwendoline Chaix ; DVM^a ; Emilie Trehiou-Sechi ; DVM^a ; Charlotte Misbach ; DVM^a ; Amandine Petit ; DVM^a ; Herv&eacute ; P. Lefebvre ; DVM ; PhD^d ; Nicolas Gaide ; MSc^a ; Renaud Tissier ; DVM ; PhD^b ; ^e ; Fabienne Delfour ; PhD^c
• 关键词：Aquatic mammal ; Heart ; Repeatability ; Reproducibility
• 刊名：Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：December, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：14
• 期：4
• 页码：511-518
• 全文大小：575 K

文摘

The use of transthoracic echocardiography in dolphins has been limited so far owing to technical and anatomical specificities. Anatomic M-mode (AMM) is a postprocessing echocardiographic technique generating M-mode studies from two-dimensional (2D) cineloops independently of the ultrasound beam orientation. The aim of the present study was to determine the within-day (repeatability) and between-day (reproducibility) variability of AMM echocardiography in awake healthy bottlenose dolphins (BN, <em>Tursiops truncatusem>). Four adult BN trained to lie in left recumbency at the water surface were involved in the protocol. A total of 96 echocardiographic examinations were performed on 4 different days by a trained observer examining each BN 6 times per day. Video clips of 2D left parasternal long-axis views showing the left ventricle (LV) ventrally and the aortic root dorsally were recorded at each examination and analyzed for AMM measurements in a random order. A general linear model was used to determine the within-day and between-day coefficients of variation (CV). All examinations were interpretable allowing calculation of 10 AMM variables (i.e., end-diastolic and end-systolic ventral and dorsal LV myocardial wall thicknesses as well as LV and aortic diameters, mean aortic diameter, and LV shortening fraction). Most within- and between-day CV values (18/20) were <15 % , the lowest being observed for the end-diastolic LV diameter (1.6 % ). In conclusion, AMM provides a simple non-invasive evaluation of heart morphology and function in the awake BN with good repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements. Further studies are required to determine the corresponding reference intervals.