The sedimentary history of the Tell es-Safi/Gath environs shows that: (a) During the Chalcolithic period and Early Bronze Age (鈭?200-3050 BCE), stable conditions prevailed in the small valleys, represented by soil formation; (b) During the Iron Age II and up to the Early Arab period (鈭?00 BCE-800CE), aggradation took place in the small and the large valleys; (c) During the post-Byzantine/Early Arab periods (after 800 CE), major incision occurred in the large valleys, whereas minor aggradation occurred in the small valleys. Climatic and natural geomorphic processes are the major factors shaping the landscape in the current research area.
Anthropogenic activity was expressed at localized sites and for a limited time, in two locations only. One location is the siege trench that surrounds Tell es-Safi/Gath, where sedimentation occurred shortly after the destruction of the site by Hazael, king of Aram Damascus (ca. late 9th century BCE), and in the same locality during the Byzantine period. The other location is the 2nd order valley close to the archaeological site, where enhanced sedimentation rates occurred shortly after site destruction. In addition, these results suggest that the small basin valleys underwent aggradation that continuously recorded the local environmental history, whereas the large drainage basins underwent cut and fill processes related to the regional environmental history in a less continuous record.