We used AFM HarmoniX modality to analyse the surface of individual human cervical epithelial
cells at three stages of progression to cancer, normal, immortal (pre-malignant) and carcinoma
cells. Primary
cells from 6 normal strains, 6 cancer, and 6 immortalized
lines (derived by plasmid DNA-HPV-16 transfection of
cells from 6 healthy individuals) were tested. This
cell model allowed for good
control of the
cell phenotype down to the single
cell level, which is impractical to attain in clinical screening tests (
ex-vivo). AFM maps of physical (
nonspecific) adhesion are collected on fixed dried
cells. We show that a surface parameter called fractal dimension can be used to segregate normal from both immortal pre-malignant and malignant
cells with sensitivity and specificity of more than 99%. The reported method of analysis can be directly applied to
cells collected in liquid cytology screening tests and identified as abnormal with regular optical methods to increase sensitivity.
From the Clinical Editor
Despite cervical smear screening, sometimes it is very difficult to differentiate cancers cells from pre-malignant cells. By using AFM to analyze the surface properties of human cervical epithelial cells, the authors were able to accurately identify normal from abnormal cells. This method could augment existing protocols to increase diagnostic accuracy.