A long (31–11 Ma) stable isotopic section in the southwestern Qaidam basin, northern Tibetan Plateau
~ 20 Ma paleohydrological change is probably associated with early deformation/initial range growth in northern Tibet.
15–14 Ma negative shift of δ18O values reflects topographic growth in catchment regions (Altun and East Kunlun).
13–12 Ma regional aridification was mostly likely caused by moisture blocking effect of growing mountain ranges.