Across a landscape, soil texture controls the optimum rate of N fertilizer for maize production

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• 作者：Noura Ziadi^a ; ^{noura.ziadi@agr.gc.ca} ; Athyna N. Cambouris^b ; Judith Nyiraneza^c ; Michel C. Nolin^b
• 关键词：Economic optimum N rate ; Residual soil nitrate ; N fertilizer rate ; Maize yield
• 刊名：Field Crops Research
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：July, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：148
• 期：Complete
• 页码：78-85
• 全文大小：1167 K

文摘

In maize (Zea mays L.) production, appropriate N management needs to consider the specific relations between soil texture, growing season characteristics, and N fertilizer rates. Our main objective was to assess the interaction effect of soil texture (clay, clay loam, and fine sandy loam), and N fertilizer rates (0 to 250 kg N ha^?1) on maize N response, soil N availability, and residual soil nitrate (RSN) at harvest. The study was conducted over three years (2000-2002) on a 15-ha field near Montreal (Canada). Crop responses parameters included yield, N uptake, and economic optimum N rate (Nop). Soil and crop-based measures of soil N availability indices were composed of nitrate desorbed from ion exchange membranes measured before (AEM-N₁) and after seeding (AEM-N₂). The effects of N fertilization, soil texture (fine sandy loam > clay loam > clay), were highly significant on maize yield and N uptake. Averaged across years, Nop was 181, 161, and 125 kg N ha^?1 in the clay, clay loam, and fine sandy loam, respectively. Estimated RSN at Nop (13-77 kg NO₃-N ha^?1) were much lower than the measured ones (22 to 173 kg NO₃-N ha^?1). Nitrogen rate equivalent to Nop would have allowed decreasing RSN by 100 kg NO₃-N ha^?1. Variable rate N application according to soil texture and to the Nop can reduce input production costs and therefore environmental risks by decreasing RSN.